How long does Adrafinil last?

The total duration of Adrafinil via oral is 6 hours to 12 hours. Onset typically occurs within 1 hour to 2 hours. Peak effects last 4.5 hours to 6 hours.

Adrafinil — SubstanceWiki

Wakefulness-promoting drug

Adrafinil, sold under the brand name Olmifon, is a wakefulness-promoting medication that was formerly used in France to improve alertness, attention, wakefulness, and mood, particularly in the elderly. It was also used off-label by individuals who wished to avoid fatigue, such as night workers or others who needed to stay awake and alert for long periods of time. Additionally, the medication has been used non-medically as a novel vigilance-promoting agent.

Adrafinil is a prodrug; it is primarily metabolized in vivo to modafinil, resulting in very similar pharmacological effects. Unlike modafinil, however, it takes time for the metabolite to accumulate to active levels in the bloodstream. Effects usually are apparent within 45–60 minutes when taken orally on an empty stomach.

Adrafinil was marketed in France until September 2011 when it was voluntarily discontinued due to an unfavorable risk–benefit ratio.

Harm Reduction

-not addictive with a low potential for abuse. It does not seem to be capable of causing psychological dependence among most users.develops with prolonged and repeated use. This results in users havin...

How It Feels

Adrafinil unfolds with a patience that reflects its pharmacological nature as a prodrug. For the first hour after oral ingestion, there is essentially nothing to report. The body is slowly converting adrafinil into its active metabolite, modafinil, and this conversion takes time. Around the ninety-minute mark, the first signs of wakefulness begin to appear: a slight recession of fatigue, a marginal sharpening of attention, a quiet sense that the mind is becoming more available for use. The onset is so gradual that it can be difficult to identify the exact moment the effects begin, which is itself part of the experience's character.

By two to three hours in, the effects have fully established themselves, and they closely resemble those of modafinil itself, though often described as slightly softer or less focused. Wakefulness is sustained and natural-feeling. The mind is clear and capable of extended concentration without the driven, compulsive quality of amphetamine-class stimulants. There is a calm productivity that makes working through a stack of tasks feel achievable rather than daunting. The mood may lift slightly, though this is more the indirect consequence of feeling alert and capable than any direct euphoriant effect.

Physically, the effects are mild and largely confined to a slight reduction in appetite and occasional dry mouth. Some users report mild gastrointestinal discomfort, a legacy of adrafinil's hepatic metabolism that distinguishes it from direct modafinil administration. There may be a subtle warmth in the body and a barely perceptible increase in heart rate. The overall physical load is light and well-tolerated, though the liver involvement adds a pharmacological concern that does not translate to subjective experience but informs the risk profile.

The duration is long, with effects persisting for eight to twelve hours after the onset becomes perceptible. The offset is gradual, a slow relaxation of the enhanced wakefulness that eventually permits normal sleep. The comedown is minimal to nonexistent. There is no crash, no rebound fatigue beyond what would have been present had the adrafinil not been taken. The following morning is unremarkable. The experience as a whole is defined by its unobtrusive utility, doing less than more potent compounds but doing it with a gentleness and sustainability that has its own quiet appeal.

Pharmacology

The mechanism of adrafinil appears to rely on postsynaptic α-adrenergic activity since an increase in locomotion caused by adrafinil is blocked by prazosin (α1 antagonist), yohimbine (α2 antagonist), or phenoxybenzamine (mixed α-antagonist). These increases through adrenergic neurotransmission are thought to be responsible for adrafinil's energetic properties.

Orally ingested adrafinil may undergo one of two metabolic results. The main metabolite is the active modafinil, which is itself metabolized to inactive modafinilic acid and modafinil sulfone. Adrafinil, however, can also be metabolized directly to inactive modafinilic acid without conversion to modafinil. This may account for its lower potency.

The long-term safety and effectiveness of modafinil (adrafinil's active component) as a drug of regular usage have not been determined. Anecdotal reports from people who have tried modafinil within the community suggest that there do not seem to be any negative health effects attributed to simply trying this substance at low to moderate doses by itself and using it sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed).

Adrafinil is more harmful than modafinil due to slight hepatotoxicity, as adrafinil must be processed by the liver. Stomach pain, skin irritation, anxiety, and elevated liver enzymes may occur with prolonged use and have been associated with Adrafinil, specifically.

It is strongly recommended that one use harm reduction practices when using this substance. -not addictive with a low potential for abuse. It does not seem to be capable of causing psychological dependence among most users.develops with prolonged and repeated use. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. After that,3 - 71 - 2 weeks to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). Adrafinil may present a cross-tolerance with Cross-all benzhydryl nootropics, meaning that after the consumption of adrafinil, all related eugeroic compounds such as armodafinil and modafinil will display a reduced effect.

Unlike modafinil, adrafinil is legal to sell and possess without a prescription in most countries.

Responsible use
Nootropics
Stimulants
Modafinil
Armodafinil
Caffeine
Amphetamine
Adrafinil (Wikipedia)
Adrafinil (Erowid Vault)
Adrafinil (Isomer Design)
Adrafinil (Examine)

Interactions

Substance	Status	Note
Atropa belladonna	Dangerous	Extreme cardiovascular strain from anticholinergic and stimulant effects combined
Datura	Dangerous	Extreme cardiovascular strain from anticholinergic and stimulant effects combined
Diphenhydramine	Dangerous	Extreme cardiovascular strain from anticholinergic and stimulant effects combined
Harmala alkaloid	Dangerous	Risk of hypertensive crisis and serotonin syndrome; potentially fatal combination
MAOI	Dangerous	Risk of hypertensive crisis and serotonin syndrome; potentially fatal combination
Myristicin	Dangerous	Extreme cardiovascular strain from anticholinergic and stimulant effects combined
Peganum harmala	Dangerous	Risk of hypertensive crisis and serotonin syndrome; potentially fatal combination
1,3-Butanediol	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
1,4-Butanediol	Caution	Masks the effects of each drug; risk of overdosing when one wears off before the other
1B-LSD	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
1cP-AL-LAD	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
1cP-LSD	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
1cP-MiPLA	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
1P-ETH-LAD	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
1P-LSD	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
1V-LSD	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
2-Aminoindane	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
2-FA	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
2-FEA	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
2-FMA	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
2,5-DMA	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
25B-NBOH	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
25B-NBOMe	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
25C-NBOH	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
25C-NBOMe	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
25D-NBOMe	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
25E-NBOH	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
25I-NBOH	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
25I-NBOMe	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
25N-NBOMe	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
2C-B	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
2C-B-FLY	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
2C-C	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
2C-D	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
2C-E	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
2C-H	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
2C-I	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
2C-P	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
2C-T	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
2C-T-2	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
2C-T-21	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
2C-T-7	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
2M2B	Caution	Masks the effects of each drug; risk of overdosing when one wears off before the other
3-FA	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
3-FEA	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
3-FMA	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
3-FPM	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
3-MMC	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
3,4-CTMP	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
3C-E	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
3C-P	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
4-AcO-DET	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
4-AcO-DiPT	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
4-AcO-DMT	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
4-AcO-MET	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
4-AcO-MiPT	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
4-FA	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
4-FMA	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
4-HO-DET	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
4-HO-DiPT	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
4-HO-DPT	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
4-HO-EPT	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
4-HO-MET	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
4-HO-MiPT	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
4-HO-MPT	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
4-MMC	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
4F-EPH	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
4F-MPH	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
5-APB	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
5-MeO-DALT	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
5-MeO-DiBF	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
5-MeO-DiPT	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
5-MeO-DMT	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
5-MeO-MiPT	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
6-APB	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
6-APDB	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
8-Chlorotheophylline	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
A-PHP	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
A-PVP	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
Acetylfentanyl	Caution	Stimulants mask opioid sedation, increasing overdose risk when the stimulant wears off
AL-LAD	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
Alcohol	Caution	Masks the effects of each drug; risk of overdosing when one wears off before the other
ALD-52	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
Allylescaline	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
Alprazolam	Caution	Masks the effects of each drug; risk of overdosing when one wears off before the other
Amphetamine	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
Armodafinil	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
Ayahuasca	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
Baclofen	Caution	Masks the effects of each drug; risk of overdosing when one wears off before the other
Benzodiazepines	Caution	Masks the effects of each drug; risk of overdosing when one wears off before the other
Benzydamine	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
Bromantane	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
Bromo-DragonFLY	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
Bufotenin	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
Buprenorphine	Caution	Stimulants mask opioid sedation, increasing overdose risk when the stimulant wears off
Butylone	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
Caffeine	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
Cake	Caution	Masks the effects of each drug; risk of overdosing when one wears off before the other
Carisoprodol	Caution	Masks the effects of each drug; risk of overdosing when one wears off before the other
Clonazepam	Caution	Masks the effects of each drug; risk of overdosing when one wears off before the other
Clonazolam	Caution	Masks the effects of each drug; risk of overdosing when one wears off before the other
Clonidine	Caution	Masks the effects of each drug; risk of overdosing when one wears off before the other
Cocaine	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
Codeine	Caution	Stimulants mask opioid sedation, increasing overdose risk when the stimulant wears off
Cyclazodone	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
Deschloroetizolam	Caution	Masks the effects of each drug; risk of overdosing when one wears off before the other
Desomorphine	Caution	Stimulants mask opioid sedation, increasing overdose risk when the stimulant wears off
Desoxypipradrol	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
DET	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
Dextroamphetamine	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
Dextropropoxyphene	Caution	Stimulants mask opioid sedation, increasing overdose risk when the stimulant wears off
Diazepam	Caution	Masks the effects of each drug; risk of overdosing when one wears off before the other
Dichloropane	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
Diclazepam	Caution	Masks the effects of each drug; risk of overdosing when one wears off before the other
Dihydrocodeine	Caution	Stimulants mask opioid sedation, increasing overdose risk when the stimulant wears off
DiPT	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
DMT	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
DOB	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
DOC	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
DOI	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
DOM	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
DPT	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
Efavirenz	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
Ephedrine	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
Ephylone	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
EPT	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
Escaline	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
Eszopiclone	Caution	Masks the effects of each drug; risk of overdosing when one wears off before the other
ETH-CAT	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
ETH-LAD	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
Ethylmorphine	Caution	Stimulants mask opioid sedation, increasing overdose risk when the stimulant wears off
Ethylone	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
Ethylphenidate	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
Etizolam	Caution	Masks the effects of each drug; risk of overdosing when one wears off before the other
F-Phenibut	Caution	Masks the effects of each drug; risk of overdosing when one wears off before the other
Fenethylline	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
Fentanyl	Caution	Stimulants mask opioid sedation, increasing overdose risk when the stimulant wears off
Flualprazolam	Caution	Masks the effects of each drug; risk of overdosing when one wears off before the other
Flubromazepam	Caution	Masks the effects of each drug; risk of overdosing when one wears off before the other
Flubromazolam	Caution	Masks the effects of each drug; risk of overdosing when one wears off before the other
Flunitrazepam	Caution	Masks the effects of each drug; risk of overdosing when one wears off before the other
Flunitrazolam	Caution	Masks the effects of each drug; risk of overdosing when one wears off before the other
Gabapentin	Caution	Masks the effects of each drug; risk of overdosing when one wears off before the other
Gaboxadol	Caution	Masks the effects of each drug; risk of overdosing when one wears off before the other
GBL	Caution	Masks the effects of each drug; risk of overdosing when one wears off before the other
GHB	Caution	Masks the effects of each drug; risk of overdosing when one wears off before the other
Grayanotoxin	Caution	Masks the effects of each drug; risk of overdosing when one wears off before the other
Heroin	Caution	Stimulants mask opioid sedation, increasing overdose risk when the stimulant wears off
Hexedrone	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
Hydrocodone	Caution	Stimulants mask opioid sedation, increasing overdose risk when the stimulant wears off
Hydromorphone	Caution	Stimulants mask opioid sedation, increasing overdose risk when the stimulant wears off
Ibogaine	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
Isopropylphenidate	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
Kratom	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
LAE-32	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
Lisdexamfetamine	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
Lorazepam	Caution	Masks the effects of each drug; risk of overdosing when one wears off before the other
LSA	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
LSD	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
LSM-775	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
LSZ	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
MCPP	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
MDA	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
MDMA	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
MDPV	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
Mephedrone	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
Mephenaqualone	Caution	Masks the effects of each drug; risk of overdosing when one wears off before the other
Mescaline	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
MET	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
Methadone	Caution	Stimulants mask opioid sedation, increasing overdose risk when the stimulant wears off
Methallylescaline	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
Methamphetamine	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
Methaqualone	Caution	Masks the effects of each drug; risk of overdosing when one wears off before the other
Methcathinone	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
Methiopropamine	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
Methylnaphthidate	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
Methylone	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
Methylphenidate	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
Metizolam	Caution	Masks the effects of each drug; risk of overdosing when one wears off before the other
Mexedrone	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
Midazolam	Caution	Masks the effects of each drug; risk of overdosing when one wears off before the other
MiPLA	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
MiPT	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
Mirtazapine	Caution	Masks the effects of each drug; risk of overdosing when one wears off before the other
Modafinil	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
Morphine	Caution	Stimulants mask opioid sedation, increasing overdose risk when the stimulant wears off
MPT	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
N-Ethylhexedrone	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
N-Methylbisfluoromodafinil	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
Naloxone	Caution	Stimulants mask opioid sedation, increasing overdose risk when the stimulant wears off
NEP	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
Nicotine	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
Nifoxipam	Caution	Masks the effects of each drug; risk of overdosing when one wears off before the other
NM-2-AI	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
O-Desmethyltramadol	Caution	Stimulants mask opioid sedation, increasing overdose risk when the stimulant wears off
Oxiracetam	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
Oxycodone	Caution	Stimulants mask opioid sedation, increasing overdose risk when the stimulant wears off
Oxymorphone	Caution	Stimulants mask opioid sedation, increasing overdose risk when the stimulant wears off
PARGY-LAD	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
Pentedrone	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
Pentobarbital	Caution	Masks the effects of each drug; risk of overdosing when one wears off before the other
Pethidine	Caution	Stimulants mask opioid sedation, increasing overdose risk when the stimulant wears off
Phenobarbital	Caution	Masks the effects of each drug; risk of overdosing when one wears off before the other
Phenylpiracetam	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
PRO-LAD	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
Psilocybin Mushrooms	Caution	Increases anxiety, cardiovascular stress, and psychological intensity
Rhodiola Rosea	Caution	Increased cardiovascular strain and neurotoxicity risk
SAMe	Caution	Masks the effects of each drug; risk of overdosing when one wears off before the other

Toxicity & Safety

Unlike modafinil, adrafinil is legal to sell and possess without a prescription in most countries.

Responsible use
Nootropics
Stimulants
Modafinil
Armodafinil
Caffeine
Amphetamine
Adrafinil (Wikipedia)
Adrafinil (Erowid Vault)
Adrafinil (Isomer Design)
Adrafinil (Examine)

Addiction Potential

not addictive with a low potential for abuse

Overdose Information

Stimulant overdose from Adrafinil is a medical emergency primarily involving cardiovascular and neurological toxicity.

Signs of overdose: Extremely rapid or irregular heartbeat, chest pain, severe headache, dangerously elevated body temperature, seizures, agitation progressing to psychosis, confusion, and loss of consciousness.Emergency response:

Call emergency services immediately
Keep the person cool (remove excess clothing, apply cool water)
If seizures occur, protect the head and clear the area of hard objects
If the person loses consciousness, place in recovery position
Do not give the person more stimulants, caffeine, or depressants unless directed by medical professionalsPrevention: Pre-measure doses. Avoid redosing. Stay hydrated (but don't overhydrate). Take breaks from physical activity. Monitor heart rate if possible. Have someone present who can recognize warning signs.

Full	develops with prolonged and repeated use
Half	3 - 7 days
Zero	1 - 2 weeks

Adrafinil

Quick Dosage

Dosage

oral

Duration

oral

How It Feels

Subjective Effects

Physical Effects

Physical(1)

Cognitive & Perceptual Effects

Cognitive(2)

Pharmacology

Detection Methods

Urine Detection

Blood and Serum Detection

Standard Drug Panel Inclusion

Confirmatory Methods

Reagent Testing (Harm Reduction)

Interactions

History

Harm Reduction

Toxicity & Safety

Addiction Potential

Overdose Information

Dangerous Interactions

Tolerance

Cross-tolerances

Legal Status

Experience Reports (2)

Tips (4)

See Also

References (5)

Frequently Asked Questions